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Will Marijuana Be Federally Rescheduled to Schedule III? What It Could Mean for Iowa

  • Isabella Romo
  • 3 days ago
  • 3 min read

Updated: 2 days ago

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There has been growing discussion across the country about whether the federal government will move marijuana from Schedule I to Schedule III. This decision could have major effects on how states, including Iowa, handle medical marijuana programs. Here is a clear breakdown of what is happening and what it may mean for patients in Iowa.


Understanding the Federal Scheduling System

Under federal law, drugs are placed into schedules based on their medical use and potential for abuse. Marijuana is currently classified as a Schedule I substance, which is the most restrictive category and is defined as having no accepted medical use under federal law. Yet this federal classification does not reflect reality across much of the country. Many states, like Iowa, already operate medical marijuana programs, showing that professionals and lawmakers in those states recognize marijuana’s medical value.


If marijuana is moved to Schedule III, it would mean the federal government recognizes its medical value and views it as less risky than Schedule I or Schedule II substances. Drugs in Schedule III can be researched more easily and may be prescribed under federal law when they go through the full FDA approval process. This does not mean marijuana would suddenly become federally legal or available at regular pharmacies. Instead, rescheduling would mainly reduce barriers for scientific research and change how the federal government classifies the substance, without changing state medical programs or creating federal access.


What Is Happening at the Federal Level

In August 2025, the Marijuana 1-to-3 Act of 2025 was introduced in Congress, which would require marijuana to be moved from Schedule I to Schedule III. This bill is still in the early stages and must go through committee review and multiple rounds of voting before it can become law.


In addition to the bill, federal health officials completed a scientific and medical review recommending that marijuana be moved to Schedule III. This recommendation started a formal review process within the Drug Enforcement Administration, but that process is still underway and has not reached a final decision.


Although these steps do not guarantee rescheduling, they show that federal leaders are seriously considering a major change.


What Rescheduling Would Mean 

If marijuana becomes a Schedule III substance, several important changes could take place:


Medical Research Could Expand: Researchers would face fewer barriers when studying marijuana, which could lead to a better understanding of how it supports patient care. This could help improve dosing guidance, product safety, and how doctors use marijuana within existing state medical programs.


Financial Barriers for Businesses Could Improve: Marijuana businesses often struggle with banking because many financial institutions will not work with them, while marijuana is a Schedule I substance. This forces some businesses to rely heavily on cash, creating security and accounting challenges. If marijuana is moved to Schedule III, more banks may be willing to offer services like checking accounts and payroll. Better access to banking would make the financial side of the industry safer and more transparent for everyone.


It’s important to remember that rescheduling would not make marijuana federally legal. State programs would continue to operate under state law, and marijuana would still be restricted at the federal level. Rescheduling simply changes how the federal government classifies the substance; it does not create nationwide access or remove all federal rules.


Why Rescheduling Matters

The possible move from Schedule I to Schedule III shows a major shift in how the federal government views marijuana. Instead of treating it as a substance with no medical value, Schedule III would acknowledge the medical benefits millions of patients already rely on.


Bottom Line

Federal rescheduling of marijuana to Schedule III is not guaranteed, but it is more possible now than ever. The process is moving forward on multiple fronts, and leaders at both the agency and congressional levels are actively debating the issue.


If the change happens, it could open doors for better research, stronger business stability, clearer guidance for doctors and patients, and future policy updates within the state.


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