The Latest on Federal Marijuana Rescheduling in 2026
- Isabella Romo
- 10 hours ago
- 3 min read
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Federal marijuana policy is changing in 2026, and this could affect patients, medical programs, and the marijuana industry, including here in Iowa. For years, marijuana has been classified as a Schedule I drug, and now, the federal government is taking steps to move marijuana to Schedule III, a less restrictive category that recognizes its medical use.
This change could make it easier for doctors to study marijuana, patients to access care, and businesses to operate more freely. While state laws in Iowa will still govern medical marijuana use, understanding the federal changes is important for patients, providers, and anyone involved in the marijuana industry.
What’s Happening
Marijuana is currently classified as a Schedule I drug under federal law. Schedule I drugs are considered to have no accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse.
On December 18th, 2025, the President signed an executive order directing federal agencies to begin moving marijuana out of Schedule I and into Schedule III. This is a big shift because Schedule III drugs are recognized to have accepted medical uses and a lower potential for dependence.
The change won’t happen instantly. Federal agencies like the Department of Justice and the Drug Enforcement Administration must complete a formal rulemaking process before marijuana’s schedule officially changes.
What Schedule III Means
If marijuana is rescheduled to Schedule III, it would officially be recognized as having medical value. This could make it easier for doctors and researchers to study marijuana’s effects and benefits, allowing them to work with it more freely. Business operations would also be simpler for clinics and suppliers. For example, marijuana-related businesses would be allowed to deduct normal business expenses on federal taxes, which isn’t possible under current federal law.
However, it’s important to note that rescheduling does not legalize marijuana nationwide. States would still have the authority to regulate or restrict marijuana use within their borders. For Iowa patients, this means that medical marijuana rules in the state remain the same, and recreational use is still illegal under both state and federal law.
What Rescheduling Does Not Change
Even when marijuana becomes a Schedule III drug federally:
It will not becomelegal for recreational use.
Marijuana will not automatically be approved as an FDA-regulated drug available nationwide.
What This Means for Iowa
Iowa’s medical marijuana program continues to operate under state law. Federal rescheduling could reduce stigma for patients and make it easier for doctors to work with marijuana in their practices. Research and education around marijuana’s medical benefits could expand, making it easier for scientists and healthcare providers to study its effects safely.
Looking Ahead
The federal rescheduling process could take several months to a year or more before it’s official, and the exact timeline is still uncertain. Meanwhile, federal and state lawmakers continue to explore related policy changes, including how marijuana businesses and hemp products are regulated.
Federal marijuana rescheduling is a major development. While it does not legalize marijuana outright, it marks an important step toward recognizing marijuana’s medical value, supporting research, and improving conditions for patients and providers in Iowa. Patients can stay informed and continue to access the state’s medical program while keeping an eye on these federal updates.
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